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Aim
To estimate sexual identity differences in high‐intensity binge drinking.
Design and setting
Cross‐sectional US adult health survey from 2014 and 2015.
Participants
US adults aged 18 and older (n = 215 684; n = 203 562 heterosexual, n = 2784 lesbian/gay, n = 2892 bisexual, n = 686 ‘other’ and n = 1947 don't know/unsure).
Measurements
Self‐reported past 30‐day standard binge and high‐intensity...
Aims
(1) To characterize the amount of prescription opioids prescribed for high‐risk patients by low‐volume prescribers; (2) to quantify how high‐ and low‐volume prescribers differ systematically in their prescribing patterns.
Design
Cross‐sectional study using 2015 longitudinal, all‐payer QuintilesIMS pharmacy claims. We conducted an aggregated analysis for the first aim and an individual‐level...
Aims
To estimate and test the difference in rates of violent and non‐violent crime during medicated and non‐medicated methadone treatment episodes.
Design, Setting and Participants
The study involved linkage of population level administrative data (health and justice) for all individuals (n = 14 530) in British Columbia, Canada with a history of conviction and who filled a methadone prescription...
Aims
To investigate how use of alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco come from substance‐specific pathways and from pathways general to all three substances through adolescent development.
Design
Analysis of population‐based survey. Adolescent twins reported alcohol use (AU), tobacco use (TU) and illicit drug use (IDU) in three waves (2006, 2008, 2010). Restructuring data by age allowed for variance...
Aims
We investigated the association between cumulative lifetime and current marijuana use with total abdominal adipose tissue (AT), visceral AT, subcutaneous AT, intermuscular AT, and mean liver attenuation (LA) at mid‐life.
Design
Longitudinal and cross‐sectional secondary data analysis of participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
Setting
CARDIA field...
Aims
To assess the cost‐effectiveness of a two‐component intervention designed to increase attendance at the NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSSs) in England.
Design
Cost‐effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial (Start2quit).
Setting
NHS SSS and general practices in England.
Participants
The study comprised 4384 smokers aged 16 years or more identified from medical records...
Aims
To test the efficacy of a web‐based alcohol intervention with and without guidance.
Design
Three parallel groups with primary end‐point after 6 weeks.
Setting
Open recruitment in the German working population.
Participants
Adults (178 males/256 females, mean age 47 years) consuming at least 21/14 weekly standard units of alcohol (SUA) and scoring ≥ 8/6 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification...
Background and aims
This narrative review aimed to provide a brief overview of five key research ‘classics’ produced by the innovative and radical thought leader, Professor Michael Anthony Hamilton Russell (1932–2009), drawing upon his other work wherever feasible.
Methods
Narrative review. From more than 250 publications, we selected papers we considered seminal texts, published in 1971, 1976,...
Aims
We evaluated the effects of a community organizing intervention, Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol (CMCA), on the propensity of retail alcohol outlets to sell alcohol to young buyers without age identification and on alcohol acquisition behaviors of underage youth.
Design
Random assignment of community to treatment (n = 3) or control (n = 2). Student surveys were conducted four...
Aim
To examine briefly the (i) rationales for two policy proposals in the United States to make it mandatory for cigarettes to contain very low levels of nicotine and to legalize cannabis for recreational use by adults; and (ii) possible lessons that participants in each policy debate may learn from each other.
Method
We briefly describe the diverging policies towards cannabis and tobacco in the...
Background and aims
Emergency department (ED) alcohol‐related presentation data are not routinely collected in Australia and New Zealand. It is likely that previous research has underestimated the numbers of patients presenting with alcohol‐related conditions. This study aimed to quantify the level of alcohol harm presenting to EDs in Australia and New Zealand [Correction added on 23 Jan 2018, after...
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